Using the Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China (ESIEC) 2018 database, we estimate the effect of the higher education of entrepreneur on firm performance. The expansion of higher education in China that began in 1999 is considered as an exogenous shock to identify causal effects. We find that college education of entrepreneur significantly increases the total factor productivity of firms; that college education of entrepreneur significantly increases the probability of innovation; and that college education of entrepreneur significantly increases the likelihood that firms will gain policy supports from governments. The estimation results suggest that the increasing human capital of entrepreneurs is an important driving force for productivity growth in China. The study has policy implications for both higher education expansion and entrepreneurship.